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long negative_var = -0;  //
unsigned long long positive_var = 0;

//predefined sizes when looping through bits
//e.g. long_size is 32 bit (which is 0-31). Therefore, we subtract "1".
const int bool_size = (1 - 1);
const int int_size = (8 - 1);
const int long_size = (32 - 1);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  //run readBit function, passing the pos/neg variables
  readBit("Positive ", positive_var);
  readBit("Negative ", negative_var);
  Serial.println();

  //increase and decrease the variables
  negative_var--;
  positive_var++;

  delay(1000);
}

/*this function takes a variable, prints it out bit by bit (starting from the right)
then prints the decimal number for comparison.*/
void readBit(String direction, long counter) {
  Serial.print(direction + "Binary Number: ");
  //loop through each bit
  for (int b = long_size; b >= 0; b--) {
    byte bit = bitRead(counter, b);
    Serial.print(bit);
  }
  Serial.print(" Decimal Number: ");
  Serial.println(counter);
}